The Political Structure of the Maya in the Late Classic Period Essay

Many advances in archeological and epigraphic research has shed new light on Maya civilization, however, there is still much discussion on the political structure and how it was formed. The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization noted for its advanced form of civilization. It reached its highest state of development during the Classic period which ranges from approximately 200-900 AD. Early in the Classic period (292-434 AD), there were several city-states found throughout the Maya lowland region with no defined hierarchy of settlement or regional capitals. However, this seemed to shift around 514 AD with four major capitals forming in dispersed regions throughout the Maya lowlands (Scarre & Fagan, 2008). It is in these regions that emblem glyphs have given us a tremendous amount of insight into the political organization at this time. It appears that the Maya political structure during the late Classic period consisted of a hierarchical structure in which four major ruling capitals ea ch controlled several smaller multi-center polities. Maya kings were at the heart of political power during the Classic period, with each major capital being ruled by a dynasty of kings. Maya lords used the power of their office to stress their close identity with mythical ancestral gods and thus assert their authority over others (Scarre & Fagan, 2008). Of course, they had their obligation to their people, which was to gather and redistribute commodities, so that all levels of society had access to goods and merchandise. Thus, the size of a polity was limited in size by its ability to gather and redistribute goods from the people of the capital as well as the neighboring cities that were controlled by the ruling capital. Each regional capital posse... ...l Change. Eds. C. Renfrew and J. F. Cherry, pp. 93-108. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. HASSIG, R. (1992a). War and Society in Ancient Mesoamerica. University of California Press. Berkeley. University of Oklahoma Press. Norman. MARCUS, J. (1976). Emblem and State in the Classic Maya Lowlands: An Epigraphic Approach to Territorial Organization. Dumbarton Oaks. Washington, D.C. Science 180: 911- 916. MARTIN, S. and N. GRUBE (1995). Maya Superstates. Archaeology 48 (6): 41-46. SCHELE, L. and D. FREIDEL (1990). A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. William Morrow. New York. SCHELE, L. and P. MATHEWS (1991). Royal Visits and Other Intersite Relationships Among the Classic Maya. In Classic Maya Political History: Hieroglyphic and Archaeological Evidence. Ed. T. P. Culbert, pp. 226-252. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. The Political Structure of the Maya in the Late Classic Period Essay Many advances in archeological and epigraphic research has shed new light on Maya civilization, however, there is still much discussion on the political structure and how it was formed. The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization noted for its advanced form of civilization. It reached its highest state of development during the Classic period which ranges from approximately 200-900 AD. Early in the Classic period (292-434 AD), there were several city-states found throughout the Maya lowland region with no defined hierarchy of settlement or regional capitals. However, this seemed to shift around 514 AD with four major capitals forming in dispersed regions throughout the Maya lowlands (Scarre & Fagan, 2008). It is in these regions that emblem glyphs have given us a tremendous amount of insight into the political organization at this time. It appears that the Maya political structure during the late Classic period consisted of a hierarchical structure in which four major ruling capitals ea ch controlled several smaller multi-center polities. Maya kings were at the heart of political power during the Classic period, with each major capital being ruled by a dynasty of kings. Maya lords used the power of their office to stress their close identity with mythical ancestral gods and thus assert their authority over others (Scarre & Fagan, 2008). Of course, they had their obligation to their people, which was to gather and redistribute commodities, so that all levels of society had access to goods and merchandise. Thus, the size of a polity was limited in size by its ability to gather and redistribute goods from the people of the capital as well as the neighboring cities that were controlled by the ruling capital. Each regional capital posse... ...l Change. Eds. C. Renfrew and J. F. Cherry, pp. 93-108. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. HASSIG, R. (1992a). War and Society in Ancient Mesoamerica. University of California Press. Berkeley. University of Oklahoma Press. Norman. MARCUS, J. (1976). Emblem and State in the Classic Maya Lowlands: An Epigraphic Approach to Territorial Organization. Dumbarton Oaks. Washington, D.C. Science 180: 911- 916. MARTIN, S. and N. GRUBE (1995). Maya Superstates. Archaeology 48 (6): 41-46. SCHELE, L. and D. FREIDEL (1990). A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. William Morrow. New York. SCHELE, L. and P. MATHEWS (1991). Royal Visits and Other Intersite Relationships Among the Classic Maya. In Classic Maya Political History: Hieroglyphic and Archaeological Evidence. Ed. T. P. Culbert, pp. 226-252. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.

Analysis and Interpretation of “Company of Wolves”

Angela Carter: â€Å"The Company of Wolves† (1979, excerpt) Men are powerful, strong, dominant. But what are women's strengths? This question was widely discussed in the late seventies during the women's liberation movement. Women all over the world were fighting for their rights, and this inspired female authors to put their thoughts into stories. Women could be manipulative, deceiving. They could control men when they wanted to. So why were the men in control of the world?By rewriting â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†, Angela Carter turns the norms of the fairytale upside down, and thereby shows the development in contemporary society. In â€Å"The Company of Wolves†, a young girl beats the most manly of all creatures: the werewolf. The short story is chronological and is told by an omniscient third person narrator with a clear narrative voice:†Children do not stay young for long in this savage country†(p. 22). This gives the reader an insight in the hu ntsman's thoughts as well as the girls, and we get an understanding of the decisions taken by the characters.The short story has intertextuality, as it's a rewriting of the fairytale â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†, but it's uncharacteristic as a fairytale as it does not start with the usual â€Å"once upon a time†, and does not end with â€Å"they lived happily ever after†. Angela Carter has chosen to rewrite a story almost everyone knows to make her message easier to understand. But the language in the story is quite formal. This makes it more difficult to understand properly, and it shows that Angela Carter wanted to address the story to the educated part of society.The formal language is also a way of pointing out that women can actually write in a high level of language. The short story's setting is midwinter in a forest. The winter embodies the color white, the color of innocence. The color white is used frequently in the story as well as the color red to pe rsonalize the girl. The white color symbolizes her innocence and the red color represents a grown woman, her lethality and female passion in contrast to her innocence and sensibility. The girl is the main character in the story, as she undergoes a clear development from a young girl to a grown woman.She starts out as a young and innocent girl, casually walking through the forest on her way to her grandmother's house. But as she meets the young huntsman, the man, the wolf, it starts snowing. The huntsman threatens her innocence symbolized with the prelude to a blizzard. At the end of the story, just as the girl has gone to bed with the huntsman, it stops snowing (â€Å"The blizzard died down†, p. 27). The white snow, her innocence, has died down, and her innocence is lost forever. Angela Carter is using a woman as the hero in the story, which is quite unusual for a fairytale.She was trying to break away from the norms of the fairytale by letting the girl use her female strengt hs to beat the werewolf. She is deceiving and manipulating the werewolf, and ends up sleeping with the werewolf instead of being eaten. The huntsman is Angela Carter's symbol of masculinity. In this story men are shown as beasts, just like the huntsman. He's a werewolf, he's hairy, he's â€Å"carnivore incarnate† (p. 25). When the girl was walking through the forest, â€Å"†¦ she heard the freezing howl of a wolf† (p. 23), (â€Å"†¦ but she saw no sign of a wolf at all, nor of a naked man†, p. 23).By adding this, Angela Carter implies that a naked man and a wolf are the same thing, (and thereby she lets her thoughts as the writer be apparent). The huntsman eats the grandmother. He is literally feeding on women, just as Angela Carter indicates that men are feeding on women in society. Most of the women at that time were still cooking, cleaning and taking care of the children at home singlehandedly, and could proceed to take care of their husband when he got back from work. Women were the unappreciated pillar of society. The colors red and white are the main symbols in the story.These colors are mentioned throughout the story (â€Å"†¦ her cheeks are an emblematic scarlet and white†, p. 22). The first sentence starts with â€Å"It is midwinter and the robin†¦ † (p. 22), the midwinter is white and the robin is red. As mentioned earlier, red and white symbolizes the girl's innocence, passion and femininity. Red is not only used to symbolize the huntsman's lethality (â€Å"†¦ eyes the size of saucers, saucers full of Greek fire, diabolic phosphorescence†, p. 25), (â€Å"There was a faint trace of blood on his chin†, p. 24), the girl's red dress shows how the girl is equally lethal to the huntsman.By writing this story Angela Carter is focusing on women's strengths, such as how the girl uses manipulation and deception to beat the werewolf. She indicates that a woman can take a man into her mer cy in any given situation (even when he's about to eat you). But does Angela Carter really think manipulation and deception are strengths? Isn't this to display women's weakness, if these are their only strengths? Angela Carter uses the fairytale to catch the reader's attention, and by making the girl succeed in manipulating with the werewolf, she dissociates herself from the classic fairytales in which a man is the savior.Angela Carter shows men as beasts, merely feeding off of and toying with women, though they can't go for long without the love of a woman. Men are unintelligent as they just follow their feral instincts, and can be tricked by even the most innocent girl at any given time. But Angela Carter does not end up giving the reader a positive interpretation of women either. They use manipulation and their female bodies to deceive men. This short story is Angela Carter's contribution to the discussion of gender roles in society at that time.Hvad har jeg gjort? Jeg har selvf olgelig rettet de fejl som du gjorde opm? rksom pa, og provet at fa teksten til at passe bedre til konklusionen. Egentligt er det mere konklusionen jeg har provet at tilpasse teksten, da jeg har sv? rt ved at udv? lge, hvilke dele af analysen der burde udelades. I et par af analysepunkterne har jeg uddybet, sa sammenh? ngen med konklusionen er mere klar. Jeg har provet at omskrive den del af analysen, hvor du var uenig i at jeg anklagede Angela Carter, hvilket jeg godt kan se, er at ga for langt.Tror jeg blev grebet af, at jeg folte at jeg havde fat i noget, og korte den lidt for langt ud. Jeg har dog holdt fast i pointen. Jeg har forsogt at uddybe hvorfor Angela Carter har valgt en alvidende 3. persons fort? ller, og rettet mine fordanskede udtryk. Du bad mig ogsa om at uddybe enkelte dele af analysen, og det har jeg provet at gore, dog uden at komme med en ny pointe som gar tabt i lobet af analysen. Jeg er i tvivl, om det er bedst at skrive â€Å"can not† eller â€Å"can't † / â€Å"she's† eller â€Å"she is†, eller om det er ligegyldigt.

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) system - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2142 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Answer 1: Defined by the US Committee Of Sponsoring Organizations Of Tread way Commission (COSO) as, a process, effected by an entitys board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risks to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . ERM model explained as follows: The Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) system incorporates four steps: identify the risks, determine the and effect of every one, distinguish controls that are as of now set up that relieve that risk, and propose extra controls if necessary. Step 1: Identify Risks : What can go wrong? This step should identify the negative outcomes that could result from an action or decision. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) system" essay for you Create order It is important to consider a wide range of risks, and so the Departments ERM framework includes five broad categories: Mission can a system, action, or decision hinder accomplishment of the mission? People will a failure impact the well-being of an employee or the public? Physical Assets could there be loss or damage to a physical asset (e.g., property)? Financial- could there be loss of funds or unavailability of funds? Reputation and Trust -will the Department suffer damage to its credibility with the public or other stakeholders? Step 2: Determine the probability and impact: Through either a quantitative or qualitative examination, this step catches the likelihood of the risk happening and the effect to the Division in the event that it does. For this step, it is essential to expect that no controls are set up or relieving moves are made. Likelihood whats more effect are then joined, utilizing the table beneath, to touch base at a general risk level. Regul ar definitions help guarantee consistency. Impact: Negligible impact is easily and quickly corrected with little effort or time Low short-term impact, easily corrected without long-term consequences Medium significant short-term impacts, significant time and resources to recover High impacts are catastrophic and long-term, significantly affecting the mission Probability: Rare probability is incredible during the time period of interest Unlikely unlikely to occur to during the time period of interest Possible an even possibility of occurrence exists during the time period of interest Likely -more likely than not during the time period of interest Certain nearly certain in the time period of interest Step 3: Identify the risk-mitigating controls that already exist: For each one recognized risk, activities could be taken to decrease that risks likelihood and/or sway. First and foremost, any current outer prerequisites or benchmarks tha t are relevant to address the risk ought to be distinguished. Next, distinguish any current orders that address the risk. These steps recognize existing controls. Step 4: If unacceptable risks remain, identify additional controls: In this step, the remaining risks in Step 3 are viewed as and everyone is either acknowledged (i.e., the risk level does not warrant further movement) or relieved by settling on an alternate choice or creating an extra control. Extra controls can incorporate things like a compulsory procedure, an obliged report, or a detailed approbation. Part B à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (Learning outcome 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Assessment criteria 3.4) Prepare a group written risk mitigation management plan and strategies presentation. The risk mitigation management plans and strategies are to address the policies and procedures your group recommend Lunaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Convenience Store senior management adopt. Consider risk management strategies for each of the following areas Employment practices: Answer 2: The risk mitigation management plans and strategies are to address the policies and procedures. Lunaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Convenience Store senior management adopt employment practices. Retailers have tight payroll plan and commonly staff their stores focused around the anticipated client foot activity their stores will encounter. Thus, retail deals with agents are regularly pressed for time and think that it hard to get included with retail deals preparing projects. When you include meagre plan, worker turnover, and some pioneers doubt around the importance of conveyance quality preparing for retail workers, guaranteeing a quality client encounter through conveying preparing could be a test. But in todays focused retail commercial canter, your survival may rely on upon doing simply that. Basically everybody concurs that the retail deals and client administration environment has changed drastically over the recent years. Our clients have less time to use in our sto res, have less cash to use, and more decisions on where to use it. Retail deals co-partners à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and the retailers that utilize them à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" have normally depended on their capability to learn while doing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" as such, taking in the specialty of retail deals, client administration, and retail management by experimentation as opposed to executing arranged deals and management forms that have been conveyed to them early. Yet when you might just have one shot at getting a client included with your item and luring them to come back to your store for an alternate buy is that truly the right way. Numerous retailers are so cantered around the operational parts of running their business à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" things like taking care of money stream, meeting payroll, and administrative issues à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that they overlook their most vital stakes, said David Goodwin, rule holder of Retail Preparing Administrations. Without customers and the retai l deals co-partners who connect with them each hour of each day, none of the other stuff matters! The aftereffects of your retail deals preparing system are out there for everybodys viewing pleasure and studies indicate that numerous customers think retailers could be improving work of conveying on the customer experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The following some practices can help ensure your retail business performance both today and tomorrow: Start by Communicating Customer Expectations: Your customers have unique thing that they anticipate from your organization regarding administration and determination. This incorporates what separates you from your competitors both on-line and down the road. Explain the Buying Process: Help retail sales associates to comprehend and uncover the purchasing methodology of your customers, says Goodwin. At the point when deals agents comprehend the things that the customer needs they will be inspired to dig-in and get the most out of your retail deals. Make the Training Relevant: Centre your retail deals preparing on themes that settle normal issues that your deals co-partners experience. This could incorporate how to handle normal deals protests, how to manage troublesome customers, or appropriately setting up the store for offering. Whats more keep in mind to clarify the greater picture of how enhancing their retail offering abilities will bring about more pay, better vocation prospects, and more benefits for the organization! Communicate Specific Tactics: Presently that you comprehend what issues you want to prepare on verify that you make the retail deals preparing beneficial by giving particular instruments and strategies that your colleagues can put into practice. Consolidate feature or pretending illustrations with the goal that they can see these strategies in activity! Use Efficient Training Methods: Taking retail deals cohorts out of the store for preparing ought to be a piece of your prep aration blend à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" particularly for real item dispatches or occasional deals revives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" yet key deals preparing messages might be conveyed by means of retail e-learning courses in 15-20 moment additions immediate to the store. This keeps retail cohorts in the stores where they can prepare between customer communications or different exercises. It additionally spares cash in times of contracting prices. Measure Your Team Membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Results: A considerable lot of our customers track whether a co-partner has finished their retail deals preparing, says Goodwin. Anyway we prompt them that they have to make the following stride by following the key result ranges that the preparation is intended to effect. Generally this is carried out by measuring things like normal transaction sum, things for every ticket, deals for every hour or different Kips through the POS framework. Once you start measuring results you can start to have your pioneer s start the execution management exercises required to drive deals and benefits. Make Training an Ongoing Activity: It is awful that a lot of people retail deals preparing projects and retail management preparing projects are taken a gander at as an one-and-done movement. In these circumstances it is not irregular to get a transient spike in deals just to have results come back to the first benchmark. Be that as it may retail associations as assorted as The Holder Store, Wegmans, and Punch Young men have demonstrated that by directing normal refresher trainings through the classroom or e-learning they can keep up more elevated amounts of benefit while lessening worker turnover. Making a retail deals preparing program that captivates employees and drives long haul results obliges, arranging, responsibility, and determination from the retailer, yet the result is higher profit, lower representative turnover, better engagement from colleagues, and stronger customer loyalty. These were some of the points on employment practices. Part C (Learning outcome 4 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Assessment criteria 4.1 and 4.2) Analyse the vulnerability factors and impacts on Lunaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Convenience Store to a break in continuity and propose approaches to crisis management and retail business continuity planning for the organisation. Consider approaches for : Recovery Solution Design Answer: The saying disaster here and there tells a couple of horrible occasion framed commonly. however inside the retail exchange, a disaster is genuinely something that causes your store operations to be interfered with or ceased. Through this administration is basically the greatest sum a disaster as a surge or partner degree tremor that points of confinement or avoids store operations. Late studies have demonstrated that the regular income misfortune from a stoppage for a little retail organization is $6,900 partner hour. backed this, partner 8-hour intrusion to store operations as a consequence of partner specialist unknowingly downloaded malware may cost up to $55,000 in lost income. To dodge this misfortune and surety continuous customer administration, retail organizations must be propelled to prop oneself for all potential crises. a vital some piece of these arrangements should exemplify a day by day reinforcement of all key business information. Because of thi s a reinforcement and restore arrangement got to take after some fundamental techniques. To start with, the reinforcement should be performed on an ordinary. Next, the reinforcement should be keep as expelled from the introductory information as potential however close enough that it is repaired in a short measure of your time. Last, the reinforcement must be tried every now and again to affirm that its working appropriately. Moreover, if a business holds MasterCard information, the reinforcement need to acclimate to Instalment Card business learning Security Guidelines concerning the stockpiling of customer information. The past couple of years have seen a lot of progressions in Retail IT, especially around systems administration, interchanges, and cloud-based administrations. its worked with heading retailers over these progressions to affirm that actualizing a business coherence response is okay, minimal effort, and checked its pleased to be a part of the National Retail Or ganization (NRF) Relationship of Retail Engineering Benchmarks (Expressions). its working to affirm that cloud-based reinforcement and disaster recuperation completely meets the unique needs of shops. Key Benefits: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Regular Backups: Distinctive results lock you out of the framework while a reinforcement is performed. Reinforcements run inside the foundation and may be set to happen as a rule as quarter-hour or at the highest point of each day, while not intruding on or deceleration down your system and ADP framework. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Offsite Storage: Most results can singularly move your data numerous miles not far off that keeps on being inclined to an area wide disaster. Your data is keep solidly far away from your essential area in data focuses set adjust the nation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Fast Restores: Mixture of off-site results require at least every day to ask for and restore the data. the data may be repaired inside one moment, of note of welcome, d epending upon the scale and sort of data. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Backup Testing: The main part of Disaster Recuperation administrations store the data, however dont examine it to see whether a suitable restore may be performed. It data is mechanically tried upon receipt for ease of use. In a disaster situation, you can either act or be acted upon. Retail operations will be prepared to act in the event of a disaster as large as a flood or as small as an electrical outage. Reference: What is enterprise risk management (ERM)? definition and meaning. (n.d.). BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved June 24, 2014, from https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/enterprise-risk-management-ERM.html CHU, S. (2012, July 9). Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework for Directives. . Retrieved June 24, 2014, from https://www.directives.doe.gov/development-and-review-of-directives/enterprise_risk_management_frameworks Seven Best Practices to Improve Your Retail Sales Training Program | Retail Training Services. (n.d.). Retail Training Services. Retrieved June 24, 2014, from https://retailertrainingservices.com/blog/entry/seven-best-practices-to-improve-your-retail-sales-training-program Quorum | Disaster Recovery Services for Retail Businesses. (n.d.). Quorum. Retrieved July 2, 2014, from https://www.quorum.net/industries/retail/  ©International Academy of New Zealand 2013IANZ DB702 Risk Management Version 7Page 1 Assessment moderated on 1 August 2013